The development of a modern healthcare system on a global scale implies a further aggravation of the processes of formation of narrow medical specialties within the framework of one medical qualification, which is associated with constant scientific and technological progress in medical science, changes in the nature of the course of common human diseases and an increase in the number of congenital pathologies.

Such a modern methodology for the training of medical personnel ultimately led to the formation of a multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and treatment of human diseases, considering it as a whole. Such an approach is currently necessary due to the abundance of complications and side effects of the ongoing therapy of various diseases that exist in one person, since a significant decrease in the functional reserves of various organs and systems does not allow achieving the desired final results of treatment. The above was the main prerequisite for the development of nephrology, which is part of internal medicine, as a separate branch of science and medical practice. Significant clinical material accumulated at the end of the 20th – beginning of the 21st centuries showed a constant increase in patients with acute and chronic forms of primary and secondary nephropathies, which led to the opening of new nephrological hospitals, an increase in the quota for the training of nephrologists, the opening of hemodialysis centers and kidney transplantation everywhere. . Our state has not lagged behind the global trends. On the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan, according to the modern program for the development of practical healthcare, new hospitals operate and open everywhere, where specialized and highly specialized medical care is provided to nephrological patients. Judging by the statistics, both in the world and in the Republic of Kazakhstan, this category of patients unites a very large group of people with pathology of all organs and systems of the surgical, gynecological, and therapeutic profile. Thus, comorbidity has become one of the key problems of modern medicine, without which it is not possible to fully treat the patient. In this regard, the structure and incidence of the population with pathology of the kidneys and urinary tract is constantly monitored in the Republic of Kazakhstan, the amount of funding for medical organizations of the nephrological profile is increasing, the technology of extracorporeal methods of treating patients with terminal CRF is improving, and the material and technical base of nephrological hospitals is also significantly improving. In recent years, kidney transplantation continues to gain momentum, which increased the survival rate of patients and had a positive impact on the quality of life of recipients.

All of the above was reflected in the work of the medical staff of the Semey Kidney Center, as well as three city dialysis centers, which are simultaneously clinical bases of «SMU» NCJSC, in which training of residents under the program “Adult and Pediatric Nephrology” began in September 2022, allowing in the coming years to eliminate the shortage of medical personnel to provide specialized nephrological care. To improve the quality of training of specialists in this field, it is necessary to resolve the issues of kidney biopsy with subsequent histological assessment of the biomaterial, diversify the list of drugs used, improve the provision of clinical laboratories with modern equipment, open CT and MRI rooms at renal centers, which, of course, will make it possible to more quickly clarify the diagnosis. and prescribe appropriate therapy.

Another problem that needs to be addressed is the organization of a FPC for specialists in related specialties on topical issues of nephrology, with the aim of early detection of latent CKD. Thus, at present, the nephrological service of the Republic of Kazakhstan is systematically and multilaterally developing, making a significant contribution to strengthening the health of the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan. However, there are still many unsolved problems in this area, which are based on global geopolitical and related social, financial, scientific, technical, and resource problems that are waiting for their solution.